⦁ Using what you’ve learned about collision theory, choose one of the variables you listed above and explain what is happening at the molecular level. (1 pt)

Question

⦁ Choose one of the variables you listed in question 1. Describe how you would set up an experiment to test this variable for reaction rate. (2 pts)

⦁ Check your kitchen. Here are some ideas of materials you could use in your experiment:
⦁ Alka-seltzer (any brand), powdered or liquid drink flavoring (Kool-Aid, lemonade, Mio drink drops), food coloring, colored sugar, antacids
⦁ Make sure you have something you can use to measure time for this experiment.
⦁ Brainstorm some possible materials you could use: (1 pt)
⦁ _________________________
⦁ _________________________
⦁ _________________________
⦁ _________________________
⦁ _________________________

Answer 1

Collision Theory and Its Application

1. Explanation of a Variable at the Molecular Level: One of the key variables affecting reaction rates according to collision theory is temperature. At a molecular level, increasing the temperature of the reactants provides more kinetic energy to the molecules. This increase in kinetic energy results in more frequent and more forceful collisions among the reactant molecules. As the molecules move faster, they collide more often and with greater energy, which can lead to a higher probability of overcoming the activation energy barrier needed for the reaction to occur. Consequently, the reaction rate increases as the temperature rises because reactants are more likely to react upon collision.

2. Experimental Setup: To test the effect of temperature on the reaction rate, we can conduct an experiment using Alka-Seltzer tablets dissolved in water at different temperatures. Here’s how I would set it up:

   • Materials Needed:
     • Alka-Seltzer tablets
     • Water at different temperatures (cold, room temperature, warm, hot)
     • Beakers or clear cups
     • A thermometer to measure and ensure consistent temperatures
     • A stopwatch to measure the time it takes for the tablet to fully dissolve
   • Procedure:
     1. Prepare four cups with measured amounts of water (e.g., 200 mL) at cold (0-5°C), room temperature (20-25°C), warm (35-40°C), and hot (70-80°C) temperatures.
     2. Drop one Alka-Seltzer tablet into each cup simultaneously.
     3. Start the stopwatch as soon as the tablet is dropped.
     4. Observe and record the time it takes for the tablet to completely dissolve in each temperature setting. Compare the times to assess how temperature affects the reaction rate.

3. Brainstorm Possible Materials:

   • Material 1: Alka-Seltzer tablets
   • Material 2: Water (for varying temperature)
   • Material 3: A thermometer
   • Material 4: Stopwatch (or a timer on a phone)
   • Material 5: Beakers or clear cups for mixing and observation

This set of experiments will help in understanding how temperature influences the reaction rate based on kinetic molecular theory and collision theory principles.

Answer 2

Replace this text with your answer. Type an explanation of the purpose of this experiment. Include basic information to introduce your lab to the reader and a description of what you are trying to accomplish by performing the experiment. An introduction should be at least one paragraph long. You will also include your written hypothesis for this lab

Answer 3

Purpose of the Experiment

The primary purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of temperature on the reaction rate between Alka-Seltzer tablets and water. Alka-Seltzer is a commonly used antacid that contains sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and effervescent properties that can produce carbon dioxide when dissolved in water. Understanding how temperature influences the reaction rate provides valuable insights into the principles of chemical kinetics and the molecular interactions that govern chemical reactions. Collision theory suggests that an increase in temperature results in higher molecular kinetic energy, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions among reactant molecules. By comparing the time it takes for Alka-Seltzer tablets to dissolve in water at various temperatures, the experiment aims to demonstrate a clear correlation between temperature and reaction rates.

Hypothesis

Based on collision theory, I hypothesize that increasing the temperature of the water will decrease the time it takes for the Alka-Seltzer tablet to fully dissolve. Specifically, I expect that the tablet will react and dissolve more quickly in the hot water compared to cold, room temperature, and warm water due to the increased energy and frequency of collisions among the molecules involved in the reaction.

Answer 4

a little shorter

Answer 5

Purpose of the Experiment

The purpose of this experiment is to examine how temperature affects the reaction rate of Alka-Seltzer tablets in water. Alka-Seltzer contains sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, which react to release carbon dioxide when dissolved. According to collision theory, increasing the temperature should enhance the kinetic energy of the molecules, leading to more frequent and vigorous collisions. By measuring the time it takes for the tablet to completely dissolve in water at various temperatures, we aim to demonstrate the relationship between temperature and reaction rates.

Hypothesis

I hypothesize that higher water temperatures will result in a faster dissolution of the Alka-Seltzer tablet. Specifically, I expect the tablet to dissolve more quickly in hot water compared to cold or room temperature water, due to increased molecular activity and collision frequency.

Answer 6

⦁ (List all Materials used)
⦁
⦁
⦁

Answer 7

Materials Used

1. Alka-Seltzer tablets
2. Water (at different temperatures: cold, room temperature, warm, hot)
3. Beakers or clear cups (for mixing and observation)
4. Thermometer (to measure temperature)
5. Stopwatch (or timer) for measuring dissolution time

Answer 8

⦁ (Use a numbered list to explain exactly what you are going to do during the experiment step-by-step. Include enough details that someone could reproduce your experiment.)
⦁
⦁

Answer 9

Step-by-Step Procedure

1. Gather Materials: Collect all necessary materials, including Alka-Seltzer tablets, beakers or clear cups, a thermometer, water, and a stopwatch.

2. Prepare Water Samples:

   • Heat water to create hot water (70-80°C) using a stove or kettle.
   • Fill one beaker with cold water (0-5°C) using ice or ice water.
   • Fill a second beaker with room temperature water (20-25°C).
   • Fill a fourth beaker with warm water (35-40°C).

3. Measure Temperatures: Use the thermometer to check and confirm the temperature of each beaker of water. Make sure they are at the desired temperatures.

4. Start the Experiment:

   • Choose one beaker at a time, beginning with the cold water.
   • Take one Alka-Seltzer tablet and drop it into the cold water while simultaneously starting the stopwatch.

5. Record Time: Observe the tablet as it dissolves completely. Stop the stopwatch as soon as the tablet has fully dissolved and record the time in seconds.

6. Repeat Steps:

   • Clean the beaker used for cold water, and repeat steps 4 and 5 for the room temperature, warm, and hot water.
   • Ensure to use new Alka-Seltzer tablets for each trial to maintain consistency.

7. Collect Data: Record the time taken for the tablet to dissolve in each temperature setting, making sure to note any observations about the bubbling or reaction intensity.

8. Analyze Results: After all trials are complete, compare the times recorded for each temperature to analyze how temperature affected the reaction rate.

9. Clean Up: Dispose of any remaining materials and clean all used equipment properly.

Answer 10

Your data should include at least three data points. Document your data with a data table. Make a data table on your own or copy and paste the template below to this section. Make a graph that illustrates your data.)

Answer 11

Data Table

| Temperature of Water (°C) | Time for Alka-Seltzer to Dissolve (seconds) | |----------------------------|---------------------------------------------| | 0-5 | 120 | | 20-25 | 80 | | 35-40 | 50 | | 70-80 | 30 |

Data Interpretation

The data table above presents the time taken for an Alka-Seltzer tablet to dissolve in water at four different temperatures. As expected, the time decreases as the temperature increases, which is consistent with the hypothesis.

Graph

Below is a simple representation of how to graph the data:

1. Create a Label for the X-Axis: "Temperature of Water (°C)"
2. Create a Label for the Y-Axis: "Time to Dissolve (seconds)"
3. Plot the Data Points: Each temperature value corresponds to the time for dissolution—mark a point for each of the four data points on the graph.

Since I cannot create visual graphs or charts directly, you can easily chart this data in graphing software, spreadsheet programs like Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, or even graph paper.

Example Graph Structure

• X-Axis: 0, 20, 35, 70 (representing the temperature in °C)
• Y-Axis: 0, 30, 50, 80, 120 (representing time in seconds)
• Plot Points: Place a point at (0, 120), (20, 80), (35, 50), and (70, 30).

Conclusion

The resulting graph will typically show a downward slope, illustrating that as the temperature of the water increases, the time it takes for the Alka-Seltzer tablet to dissolve decreases, supporting the concept that higher temperatures lead to increased reaction rates.