When the riverbed gradient is high, it means that the change in elevation of the riverbed over a given distance is steep. On the other hand, when the riverbed gradient is low, it means that the change in elevation of the riverbed over a given distance is more gradual.
1. Velocity: One difference between rivers formed with high and low riverbed gradients is the velocity of the water flow. When the riverbed gradient is high, the water flows at a faster speed down the steep slope. This results in a higher velocity of the water in the river. Conversely, when the riverbed gradient is low, the water flows at a slower speed due to the gentle slope, resulting in a lower velocity.
2. Erosion and deposition: Another difference can be observed in the processes of erosion and deposition. When the riverbed gradient is high, the faster-moving water has more energy to transport sediments and erode the riverbed and its banks. This can result in the formation of steep river valleys and the removal of a significant amount of sediment. On the contrary, when the riverbed gradient is low, the slower-moving water has less energy for erosion and deposition. As a result, sediments tend to settle and deposit, leading to the formation of wider floodplains and deltas.
Using the results from the virtual stream table activity above, describe at least two differences between the rivers that form when the riverbed gradient is high versus low.
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