To convert the expression \( 3\sqrt{216} \) into an expression with a rational exponent, we can rewrite the cube root as an exponent of \( \frac{1}{3} \).
The cube root of \( 216 \) can be expressed as:
\[ 3\sqrt{216} = 216^{\frac{1}{3}} \]
So, the rational exponent on the expression equivalent to \( 3\sqrt{216} \) is \( \frac{1}{3} \).
Therefore, the correct answer is:
D) \( \frac{1}{3} \).