Use the text excerpt to answer the question.

Question

President Cleveland issued an executive order in 1894 ordering the end of the railroad workers’ strike against the Pullman Car Company. President Cleveland wrote in this executive order, “Whereas, by reason of unlawful obstructions, combinations, and assemblages of persons, it has become impracticable, in the judgment of the President, to enforce by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings the laws of the United States within the State of Illinois, and especially in the city of Chicago within said State; and Whereas, for the purpose of enforcing the faithful execution of the laws of the United States and protecting its property and removing obstructions to the United States mails in the State and city aforesaid...I, Grover Cleveland, President of the United States, do hereby admonish all good citizens and all persons who may be or may come within the city and State aforesaid against aiding, countenancing, encouraging, or taking any part in such unlawful obstructions, combinations, and assemblages....”

Explain how President Cleveland’s use of this executive order employed a specific source of executive order authority.

(1 point)
Responses

President Cleveland used constitutional authority to issue the executive order.
President Cleveland used constitutional authority to issue the executive order.

President Cleveland used congressional authority to issue the executive order.
President Cleveland used congressional authority to issue the executive order.

President Cleveland used inherent authority to issue the executive order.
President Cleveland used inherent authority to issue the executive order.

President Cleveland used concurrent authority to issue the executive order.

Answer 1

President Cleveland used inherent authority to issue the executive order. This authority allows a president to take actions necessary to maintain law and order, particularly in situations where there is a breakdown in the enforcement of federal laws. In this case, Cleveland determined that it was impracticable to enforce the laws of the United States due to the unlawful obstructions caused by the strike, justifying his executive action to restore order and protect federal property and operations, particularly the transportation of U.S. mail.