The theoretical probability of rolling a particular number on a fair six-sided die is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes (in this case, rolling a 3) by the total number of possible outcomes.
Since a die has 6 faces, the theoretical probability \( P \) of rolling a 3 is:
\[ P(3) = \frac{1}{6} \approx 0.167 \]
Thus, the correct response is:
0.167