Use the periodic table to answer the question. Which element has atoms with valence electrons and a higher energy level than those of calcium?

Answer 1

Calcium (Ca) is located in Group 2 of the periodic table and has an atomic number of 20. Its electron configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2\). The valence electrons of calcium are in the 4th energy level (the outermost shell), specifically the 4s orbital.

To find an element with valence electrons in a higher energy level than calcium, we can look at elements in Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table that are located in the next period (Period 4) or higher.

For example, the element Strontium (Sr), which is in Group 2 and has the atomic number 38, has an electron configuration of \( [Kr] 5s^2 \). The valence electrons of strontium are in the 5th energy level (5s), which is higher than the 4th energy level of calcium.

Therefore, one example of an element that has atoms with valence electrons in a higher energy level than those of calcium is Strontium (Sr).

Answer 2

Give some more examples

Answer 3

Sure! Here are additional examples of elements that have valence electrons in a higher energy level than those of calcium (Ca), which has valence electrons in the 4th energy level:

1. Barium (Ba) - Barium is in Group 2 and has an atomic number of 56. Its electron configuration is \([Xe] 6s^2\), meaning its valence electrons are in the 6th energy level.

2. Radium (Ra) - Radium is also in Group 2 and has an atomic number of 88. Its electron configuration is \([Rn] 7s^2\), indicating that its valence electrons are in the 7th energy level.

3. Gallium (Ga) - Gallium is in Group 13 and has an atomic number of 31. Its electron configuration is \([Ar] 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^1\), giving it valence electrons in the 4th energy level, but note that in a specific context, particularly regarding principal quantum levels, you might consider \(4p\) as comparable.

4. Selenium (Se) - Selenium is in Group 16 and has an atomic number of 34. Its electron configuration is \([Ar] 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^4\), which also places its valence electrons in the 4th energy level.

5. Iodine (I) - Iodine is in Group 17 and has an atomic number of 53. Its electron configuration is \([Kr] 5s^2 4d^{10} 5p^5\), with valence electrons in the 5th energy level.

These additional examples illustrate that there are various elements in higher periods (5th, 6th, etc.) with valence electrons in energy levels that are higher than those of calcium in the 4th level.

Answer 4

Which one of the the following options would have valence electrons and a higher energy level than those of calcium? Bromine. Cesium. Lithium. Or oxygen.

Answer 5

To determine which of the given options has valence electrons in a higher energy level than those of calcium (Ca), let's first consider the valence electron configuration of calcium and then analyze each option:

Calcium (Ca) has the atomic number 20 and an electron configuration of \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2\). Its valence electrons are in the 4th energy level (specifically, in the 4s orbital).

Now, let's evaluate each element:

1. Bromine (Br): Atomic number 35, electron configuration \( [Ar] 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^5\). Bromine has valence electrons in the 4th energy level.

2. Cesium (Cs): Atomic number 55, electron configuration \( [Xe] 6s^1\). Cesium has its valence electron in the 6th energy level.

3. Lithium (Li): Atomic number 3, electron configuration \(1s^2 2s^1\). Lithium has valence electrons in the 2nd energy level.

4. Oxygen (O): Atomic number 8, electron configuration \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^4\). Oxygen has valence electrons in the 2nd energy level.

Among these options, Cesium (Cs) is the only element that has valence electrons in a higher energy level (6th energy level) than those of calcium (4th energy level).

Answer: Cesium (Cs).