To help you categorize excerpts as claims, effects, reasons, or causes, I'll guide you through the definitions:
- Claim: A statement that something is true, often without providing evidence.
- Effect: The outcome or result of a cause.
- Reason: A justification or explanation that supports a claim.
- Cause: The reason something happens, which leads to an effect.
Since I don't have the specific excerpts from the passage you mentioned, I can't categorize them directly. However, if you provide the excerpts, I can help you identify which is which. Please share the text you want to analyze!