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Use the information in the lists to answer the question.

Declarations of the Council of Trent 1545–1563:
● Only the Catholic Church's interpretation of the Bible is correct.
● Christians should live their lives according to church teachings and the Bible.
● Priests cannot sell indulgences, which grant forgiveness of sins.
● Heretical texts are banned and Catholics who read them will be excommunicated.
● Copies of heretical texts will be burned.
Establishment of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuit Order):
● The order founded schools and improved education in Europe.
● The Jesuits engaged in evangelism to spread Catholicism worldwide.
Based on the information provided, the Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformation by(1 point)
Responses

promoting independent thinking and a more personal relationship between Christians and God.
promoting independent thinking and a more personal relationship between Christians and God.

ending all practices that were viewed as corrupt and working cooperatively with Protestants.
ending all practices that were viewed as corrupt and working cooperatively with Protestants.

limiting access to controversial information and converting more people to the Catholic faith.
limiting access to controversial information and converting more people to the Catholic faith.

adopting Martin Luther’s proposals and incorporating Protestant teachings into church doctrine.
adopting Martin Luther’s proposals and incorporating Protestant teachings into church doctrine.
Question 2
What does the term "Renaissance" mean?(1 point)
Responses

Refresh
Refresh

Rebirth
Rebirth

Renewal
Renewal

Reference
Reference
Question 3
Which development was MOST responsible for the spread of Renaissance ideas beyond Italy?(1 point)
Responses

the invention of the printing press
the invention of the printing press

the fall of the Byzantine Empire
the fall of the Byzantine Empire

the re-opening of the Silk Road
the re-opening of the Silk Road

the translation of the Bible
the translation of the Bible
Question 4
The revival of scientific knowledge during the Renaissance came from a revival of the scientific texts from what earlier civilization?(1 point)
Responses

Greek
Greek

Japanese
Japanese

Egyptian
Egyptian

Indian
Indian
Question 5
Which order of monks was important in ending the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?(1 point)
Responses

the Jesuits
the Jesuits

the Franciscans
the Franciscans

the Dominicans
the Dominicans

the Carthusians
the Carthusians
Question 6
The Medici family of Florence grew wealthy mainly through(1 point)
Responses

banking and trade.
banking and trade.

control of the Church.
control of the Church.

sales of art and sculpture.
sales of art and sculpture.

bribes and corruption.
bribes and corruption.
Question 7
How were monarchs able to exert power and control over peasants?(1 point)
Responses

Peasants received tithes in exchange for their labor on knights' lands.
Peasants received tithes in exchange for their labor on knights' lands.

Peasants agreement to work for kings kept them from forced work on Church lands.
Peasants agreement to work for kings kept them from forced work on Church lands.

Agreement allowed peasants to hunt and fish on manorial lands.
Agreement allowed peasants to hunt and fish on manorial lands.

Peasants needed protection and land, which the lords provided.
Peasants needed protection and land, which the lords provided.
Question 8
The Renaissance began in Florence MAINLY because(1 point)
Responses

it had the largest collection of classical Greek sculptures.
it had the largest collection of classical Greek sculptures.

the area's natural beauty attracted artists from around the world.
the area's natural beauty attracted artists from around the world.

the wealthy Medici family supported arts and education.
the wealthy Medici family supported arts and education.

the Catholic Church paid artists and writers to move there.
the Catholic Church paid artists and writers to move there.
Question 9
Which of the following artists painted the Sistine Chapel in Rome?(1 point)
Responses

Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci

Michelangelo
Michelangelo

Raphael
Raphael

Botticelli
Botticelli
Question 10
Before the Renaissance interest in humanism, art and scholarship in Medieval Europe focusedp MAINLY on which of the following?(1 point)
Responses

religion
religion

science
science

politics
politics

nature
nature
Question 11
Who was in charge of the Catholic Church?(1 point)
Responses

lords
lords

bishops
bishops

pope
pope

kings
kings
Question 12
Which of the following was a main purpose of the Council of Trent?(1 point)
Responses

establishing the Society of Jesus
establishing the Society of Jesus

selecting a new pope
selecting a new pope

letting rulers choose the religion of their countries
letting rulers choose the religion of their countries

reforming the Catholic Church
reforming the Catholic Church
Question 13
Which group was educated in monestaries and convents?(1 point)
Responses

serfs
serfs

aristocracy
aristocracy

peasants
peasants

kings and dukes
kings and dukes
Question 14
Which of the following BEST describes the way the members of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) helped the Counter-Reformation?(1 point)
Responses

They developed a list of books that the Church considered dangerous.
They developed a list of books that the Church considered dangerous.

They taught about Catholic ideas and set a good example.
They taught about Catholic ideas and set a good example.

They sold indulgences in largely Protestant areas.
They sold indulgences in largely Protestant areas.

They developed a list of books that the Church considered dangerous.
They developed a list of books that the Church considered dangerous.
Question 15
What was one significant impact of the Bubonic Plague on medieval Europe?(1 point)
Responses

A decline in the power of the Catholic Church and rise of anti-Semitism
A decline in the power of the Catholic Church and rise of anti-Semitism

The complete eradication of serfdom and the manorial system
The complete eradication of serfdom and the manorial system

Strengthening of feudalism due to a growing labor force
Strengthening of feudalism due to a growing labor force

A major increase in population across Europe
A major increase in population across Europe
Question 16
What did Machiavelli argue in his work The Prince?(1 point)
Responses

Kings should rely on divine guidance for ruling
Kings should rely on divine guidance for ruling

Democracy is the best form of government
Democracy is the best form of government

Rulers should act on behalf of the state and understand human nature
Rulers should act on behalf of the state and understand human nature

Political power should be based on Christian morality
Political power should be based on Christian morality
Question 17
What was a major focus of Renaissance art?(1 point)
Responses

Abstract and surreal representations
Abstract and surreal representations

Religious symbolism without human figures
Religious symbolism without human figures

Realistic portrayal and imitation of nature
Realistic portrayal and imitation of nature

Decorative, non-representational patterns
Decorative, non-representational patterns
Question 18
Which term BEST describes the Renaissance interest in history, literature, and art that was inspired by classical ideas?(1 point)
Responses

natural law
natural law

humanism
humanism

Reformation
Reformation

rationalism
rationalism
Question 19
What was the main reason King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church?(1 point)
Responses

He wanted to support Martin Luther
He wanted to support Martin Luther

He wanted to divorce his wife and the Pope refused to annul the marriage
He wanted to divorce his wife and the Pope refused to annul the marriage

He sought greater control over the Church's wealth
He sought greater control over the Church's wealth

He disagreed with the Catholic view on indulgences
He disagreed with the Catholic view on indulgences
Question 20
What was a key characteristic of Italian Renaissance?(1 point)
Responses

Primarily rural and agricultural
Primarily rural and agricultural

Urban society with a secular viewpoint
Urban society with a secular viewpoint

Focus on monarchy
Focus on monarchy

Strong central government
Strong central government
Question 21
Which of the following was a complaint of Martin Luther in his 95 Theses?(1 point)
Responses

Pope being the head of the Catholic Church
Pope being the head of the Catholic Church

the reading of the Bible
the reading of the Bible

the lack of payment to priests
the lack of payment to priests

the selling of indulgences
the selling of indulgences
Question 22
Match the term to its definition.(10 points)
Put responses in the correct input to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse.
excommunicate
heliocentric theory
Humanism
vernacular
nationalism
Counter-Reformation
aristocracy
indulgences
Church of England
geocentric theory
Question 23
Match what each level of the manorial system provided to the system.(4 points)
Put responses in the correct input to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse.
Knight/Vassal
Serf/Peasant
Lord
King
Question 24
Match these famous people, with the description that best describes them. (5 points)
Put responses in the correct input to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse.
Leonardo da Vinci
Martin Luther
Henry VIII
John Calvin
Machiavelli
Question 25
After reading the following article, explain in your own words how the printing press was able to change the course of history. Explain how you think history would be different if it had not been invented.

The invention of the Printing Press

(10 points)

1 answer

Here are the answers based on the provided questions and information:

Question 1:
The Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformation by
limiting access to controversial information and converting more people to the Catholic faith.

Question 2:
What does the term "Renaissance" mean?
Rebirth

Question 3:
Which development was MOST responsible for the spread of Renaissance ideas beyond Italy?
the invention of the printing press

Question 4:
The revival of scientific knowledge during the Renaissance came from a revival of the scientific texts from what earlier civilization?
Greek

Question 5:
Which order of monks was important in ending the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?
the Jesuits

Question 6:
The Medici family of Florence grew wealthy mainly through
banking and trade.

Question 7:
How were monarchs able to exert power and control over peasants?
Peasants needed protection and land, which the lords provided.

Question 8:
The Renaissance began in Florence MAINLY because
the wealthy Medici family supported arts and education.

Question 9:
Which of the following artists painted the Sistine Chapel in Rome?
Michelangelo

Question 10:
Before the Renaissance interest in humanism, art and scholarship in Medieval Europe focused MAINLY on which of the following?
religion

Question 11:
Who was in charge of the Catholic Church?
pope

Question 12:
Which of the following was a main purpose of the Council of Trent?
reforming the Catholic Church

Question 13:
Which group was educated in monasteries and convents?
aristocracy

Question 14:
Which of the following BEST describes the way the members of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) helped the Counter-Reformation?
They taught about Catholic ideas and set a good example.

Question 15:
What was one significant impact of the Bubonic Plague on medieval Europe?
A decline in the power of the Catholic Church and rise of anti-Semitism

Question 16:
What did Machiavelli argue in his work The Prince?
Rulers should act on behalf of the state and understand human nature.

Question 17:
What was a major focus of Renaissance art?
Realistic portrayal and imitation of nature

Question 18:
Which term BEST describes the Renaissance interest in history, literature, and art that was inspired by classical ideas?
humanism

Question 19:
What was the main reason King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church?
He wanted to divorce his wife and the Pope refused to annul the marriage.

Question 20:
What was a key characteristic of Italian Renaissance?
Urban society with a secular viewpoint

Question 21:
Which of the following was a complaint of Martin Luther in his 95 Theses?
the selling of indulgences

Question 22: Matching terms to their definitions:

  • excommunicate: to remove someone from the Church
  • heliocentric theory: the idea that the sun is at the center of the universe
  • Humanism: an intellectual movement focusing on human potential and achievements
  • vernacular: the everyday language spoken by people
  • nationalism: strong identification with and pride in one's nation
  • Counter-Reformation: the period of Catholic revival in response to the Protestant Reformation
  • aristocracy: a class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges, usually hereditary
  • indulgences: payments made to the Church for the remission of sins
  • Church of England: the Anglican Church formed by Henry VIII
  • geocentric theory: the idea that earth is at the center of the universe

Question 23: Matching levels of the manorial system to their contributions:

  • Knight/Vassal: Provided military service and protection
  • Serf/Peasant: Provided labor and agricultural production
  • Lord: Managed the estate and provided protection
  • King: Provided overarching authority and land grants

Question 24: Matching famous people to their descriptions:

  • Leonardo da Vinci: Renowned artist and inventor; a polymath of the Renaissance
  • Martin Luther: Initiated the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses
  • Henry VIII: King who broke away from the Catholic Church to marry Anne Boleyn
  • John Calvin: Influential Protestant reformer known for his doctrine of predestination
  • Machiavelli: Political philosopher known for his book "The Prince" on statecraft

Question 25:
(Interpretative Short Answer)
The invention of the printing press significantly altered the course of history by allowing for the mass production of books, making literature and information more accessible to the general public. This democratization of knowledge facilitated the spread of Renaissance ideas, enabled the Reformation by distributing Martin Luther's 95 Theses widely, and promoted literacy among wider segments of society. If the printing press had not been invented, the dissemination of ideas would have remained slower and more controlled, likely leading to a delayed or diminished impact of both the Renaissance and the Reformation. Knowledge and educational reforms might have evolved but at a much slower pace, keeping Europe under greater influence of traditional powers like the Church and monarchy without the critical questioning and discourse that the printing press encouraged.

Feel free to reach out if you need further assistance or explanations on any of these topics!