The ancient city depicted in the figure is Carthage.
One feature that plan (a) shares with urban planning in colonies established by France and Spain centuries later is a grid-like layout with straight streets intersecting at right angles, which provides an organized and efficient urban structure.
An example of a city whose urban structure changed dramatically due to a change in power or governance is Rome. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the city experienced a significant decline in population and infrastructure, resulting in the abandonment of many previously bustling areas. Centuries later, when Rome became the seat of the Catholic Church and a hub of Renaissance art and culture, the city underwent a revitalization with new buildings, spaces, and infrastructure that reinforced the cultural and political power of the Church and the new ruling elite.
Use the figure to answer the question.
In one sentence, identify the ancient city whose two major phases are depicted in the figure.
In 1–2 sentences, describe a feature that plan (a) shares with the urban planning commonly seen in colonies established by France and Spain centuries later.
In 2–3 sentences, analyze another example of a city whose urban structure changed dramatically due to a change in power or governance. How does the change in urban structure reinforce the cultural or political power of a new leader?
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