Use the excerpt below to answer the question that follows:

Question

When Adams became President, the war between the French and British was causing great difficulties for the United States on the high seas and intense partisanship [taking of sides] among contending factions within the Nation.

His administration focused on France, where the Directory, the ruling group, had refused to receive the American envoy and had suspended commercial relations.

Adams sent three commissioners to France, but in the spring of 1798 word arrived that the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand and the Directory had refused to negotiate with them unless they would first pay a substantial bribe. Adams reported the insult to Congress, and the Senate printed the correspondence, in which the Frenchmen were referred to only as "X, Y, and Z."…

President Adams did not call for a declaration of war, but hostilities began at sea. At first, American shipping was almost defenseless against French privateers, but by 1800 armed merchantmen and U.S. warships were clearing the sea-lanes.
—WhiteHouse.gov

Based on the information in the excerpt, what can be inferred about the effect the war between France and England had on the United States?

(1 point)
Responses

The disagreements between political parties on issues relating to the war led to the inability of Congress to function
The disagreements between political parties on issues relating to the war led to the inability of Congress to function

The refusal to pay the bribe resulted in a suspension in French trade that deeply altered the American economy.
The refusal to pay the bribe resulted in a suspension in French trade that deeply altered the American economy.

The unwillingness of the French to negotiate brought about a long period of distrust of the French Directory.
The unwillingness of the French to negotiate brought about a long period of distrust of the French Directory.

The attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.
The attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.
Question 16
Q16

How did the War of 1812 affect the U.S. economy?

(1 point)
Responses

Manufacturing increased.
Manufacturing increased.

Imports of raw materials increased.
Imports of raw materials increased.

Agricultural imports increased.
Agricultural imports increased.

The use of federal paper currency increased.
The use of federal paper currency increased.
Question 17
Q17

Why did Jefferson oppose Hamilton’s plan for creating a national bank? Select TWO that apply.

(2 points)
Responses

He believed that it gave the federal government too much power.
He believed that it gave the federal government too much power.

He felt a national bank was necessary for the government to collect taxes and pay its bills.
He felt a national bank was necessary for the government to collect taxes and pay its bills.

He argued that Congress did not have the constitutional power to establish it.
He argued that Congress did not have the constitutional power to establish it.

He believed that Americans would protest if it was established.
He believed that Americans would protest if it was established.
Question 18
Q18

What reason did Jefferson give for urging passage of the Embargo Act?

(1 point)
Responses

to decrease the power and influence of New England merchants
to decrease the power and influence of New England merchants

to protect American traders
to protect American traders

to avoid war over seized ships
to avoid war over seized ships

to increase the power of the Republican Party
to increase the power of the Republican Party
Question 19
Q19

Use the excerpt below to answer the question that follows:

Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful [harmful, destructive] effects of the spirit of party generally. This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under different shapes in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed; but, in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness [state of being excessive and unpleasant], and is truly their worst enemy. . . . It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments [stirs up] occasionally riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which finds a facilitated [made easier] access to the government itself through the channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another. . . .
--George Washington, Farewell Address

What does the excerpt say about Washington’s views on political parties?

(1 point)
Responses

Political parties may lead to unrest in American communities.
Political parties may lead to unrest in American communities.

The nation should embrace more than one party so that the government represents different perspectives.
The nation should embrace more than one party so that the government represents different perspectives.

Leaders of foreign nations could take advantage of different political parties.
Leaders of foreign nations could take advantage of different political parties.

With several political parties, foreign countries would pose less of a threat.

Answer 1

Here are the answers based on the information you provided:

Question 15: Based on the information in the excerpt, what can be inferred about the effect the war between France and England had on the United States?

• Answer: The attacks on American shipping vessels led to a build-up of an American naval force.

Question 16: How did the War of 1812 affect the U.S. economy?

• Answer: Manufacturing increased.

Question 17: Why did Jefferson oppose Hamilton’s plan for creating a national bank? Select TWO that apply.

• Answers:
  • He believed that it gave the federal government too much power.
  • He argued that Congress did not have the constitutional power to establish it.

Question 18: What reason did Jefferson give for urging passage of the Embargo Act?

• Answer: to avoid war over seized ships.

Question 19: What does the excerpt say about Washington’s views on political parties?

• Answer: Political parties may lead to unrest in American communities.

Feel free to ask more questions or for further clarifications!