Use the diagram of a normal gene and a mutated gene to answer the question.

Question

Information
A diagram.Short description, A diagram.,Long description,
The diagram shows normal DNA and Cancer-causing DNA. Both DNA strands are made up of the same six amino acids with single base pairs, except that the fifth amino acid is different. In Normal DNA it is Histidine with single base pairs of C, A, T. In Cancer-causing DNA it is Proline with single base pairs of C, C, T.

Question
In skin cells, single base pair mutations have been associated with the development of a type of skin cancer. Scientists first noticed this mutation in people who are frequently exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun or tanning beds. This mutation occurs in a gene that codes for a protein which regulates cell division.



Which ,begin emphasis,two,end emphasis, statements describe a causal relationship between this mutation and skin cancer rather than a correlational relationship? Move ,begin emphasis,two,end emphasis, statements that describe a causal relationship between the mutation and skin cancer to the box.

Response area with 1 blank spaces
Blank space 1 empty
Answer options with 4 options.

Answer 1

To determine which statements describe a causal relationship between the mutation and skin cancer, we need to look for options implying that the mutation directly leads to the development of skin cancer, rather than merely being associated with it. Here are potential options (note: they are hypothetical and illustrative, as no actual statements were provided):

1. "The mutation in the gene causes the regulation of cell division to malfunction, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and skin cancer."
2. "Exposure to ultraviolet radiation induces a mutation in the gene, which directly leads to the development of skin cancer."
3. "People with this mutation often have a higher incidence of skin cancer due to environmental factors."
4. "The presence of mutated DNA in skin cells is a hallmark characteristic of individuals diagnosed with skin cancer."

From these hypothetical options, the first two statements would likely indicate a causal relationship:

• Blank space 1: "The mutation in the gene causes the regulation of cell division to malfunction, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and skin cancer."
• Blank space 2: "Exposure to ultraviolet radiation induces a mutation in the gene, which directly leads to the development of skin cancer."

You would place the first two statements that indicate a direct consequence or effect (causal relationship) in the response area.