In the chemical reaction
\[ \text{CaCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{CaO} \]
the reactant is calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), and it decomposes into carbon dioxide (CO₂) and calcium oxide (CaO).
According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reactants must be equal to the total mass of the products.
If a scientist starts with 30 grams of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), then the total mass of the products (CO₂ and CaO) would also be 30 grams after the reaction takes place.
Therefore, the total mass of the products is 30 grams.