The chart that accurately describes the intellectual developments and technological advancements of the Renaissance scientists is the first option.
Here’s the breakdown of the correct achievements:
- Leonardo da Vinci: Created plans for flying and underwater devices.
- Nicolaus Copernicus: Proposed that the sun was the center of the universe (noted correctly in the last option).
- Tycho Brahe: Established an astronomical observatory to track the movement of the stars and planets.
- Johannes Kepler: Calculated the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun.
- Galileo Galilei: Invented an astronomical telescope to observe the moon (noted incorrectly as Galileo did improve but did not invent it; it was invented by Hans Lippershey).
Therefore, the first option correctly matches the achievements to the scientists based on historical records.