Sure! I'll help you understand the key concepts outlined in your study guide by providing brief explanations for each question.
Lesson 3: Literary Text Evidence
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What does it mean to analyze a text? Analyzing a text means examining its components, such as theme, character development, and language, to understand its meaning and significance.
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What are explicit meanings? Explicit meanings are those that are clearly stated in the text, leaving no room for interpretation.
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What must you use to provide support for your analysis of explicit meanings in a story? You must use textual evidence, such as quotes or specific examples from the text, to support your analysis.
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Readers must use their own _______________ and _______________ to make inferences. Readers must use their own knowledge and experience to make inferences.
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_______________ are conclusions that readers draw by using the _______________ in the text and their own _______________. Inferences are conclusions that readers draw by using the information in the text and their own understanding.
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What does it mean to imply something? To imply something means to suggest or indicate a meaning without directly stating it.
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What does it mean to infer something? To infer means to draw a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements.
Lesson 4: Literary Word Choice
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What is syntax? Syntax refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
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What is tone? Tone is the author’s attitude toward the subject, conveyed through word choice and style.
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Authors choose their words carefully to establish a particular _______________ and to make clear their overall _______________ and purpose. Authors choose their words carefully to establish a particular tone and to make clear their overall theme and purpose.
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What is a word’s connotation? A word’s connotation refers to the emotions and associations connected to a word beyond its literal meaning.
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What is figurative language? Figurative language uses figures of speech, such as metaphors and similes, to convey meanings in a more creative or vivid way.
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What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor? A simile compares two different things using "like" or "as," while a metaphor makes a direct comparison without using "like" or "as."
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What is the literal meaning of a word? The literal meaning is the straightforward, dictionary definition of a word, without any emotional associations.
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_______________ is the study of a word’s origins and how its meanings have changed over time. Etymology is the study of a word’s origins and how its meanings have changed over time.
Lesson 5: Theme
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What is a theme? A theme is the underlying message or central idea that the author explores throughout a work.
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A theme links a __________ __________ about our world with the action of a __________. A theme links a universal truth about our world with the action of a story.
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How is the theme different from the main idea or a summary of the story? The theme is a deeper significance that reflects on human experience, while the main idea is a straightforward point of the narrative, and a summary gives an overview of the plot.
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Themes are _______________, meaning anyone can relate to them. Themes are universal, meaning anyone can relate to them.
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What theme is found in the story of Anansi the Spider (in the video)? A common theme in the story of Anansi the Spider is the idea of wisdom and intelligence triumphing over brute strength.
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What is the theme in the story "He—y! Come on Ou—t!” by Shinichi Hoshi? The theme is about the consequences of human actions and the nature of communication.
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How does the surprise ending of the story contribute to the theme? The surprise ending emphasizes the unpredictability of communication and the serious implications of misunderstanding.
Lesson 6: Studying Plot
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What are the five elements of plot? The five elements of plot are exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
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In Finding Nemo, what is the exposition in the beginning of the story? The exposition introduces the characters, setting, and the peaceful life of Marlin and his son Nemo before the adventure begins.
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In Finding Nemo, what conflict occurs in the rising action? The rising action includes the conflict when Nemo is captured by a diver, and Marlin sets out to rescue him.
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What is the climax in Finding Nemo? The climax occurs when Marlin faces the shark and realizes he must be brave to save Nemo.
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What happens in the falling action in Finding Nemo? The falling action occurs as Marlin and Nemo collaborate to escape from the shark and make their way back home.
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What is the resolution in Finding Nemo? The resolution shows Marlin and Nemo back home, with their relationship stronger and their understanding of adventure deepened.
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What is a flashback? A flashback is a scene that interrupts the present action to show an event from the past.
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Why do authors use flashbacks? Authors use flashbacks to provide background information, deepen character development, or explain motivations.
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What can the reader learn through a flashback scene? Readers can learn important context and insights into characters' past experiences and motivations.
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What is foreshadowing? Foreshadowing is a literary device that hints at events to come later in the story.
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Why do authors use foreshadowing? Authors use foreshadowing to build suspense and prepare readers for future plot developments.
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Briefly explain the different types of foreshadowing:
- Concrete Foreshadowing: Uses specific details to indicate future events.
- Prophesy Foreshadowing: Involves a character predicting the future.
- Flashback Foreshadowing: Uses a flashback to hint at future events.
- Symbolic Foreshadowing: Uses symbols to suggest what may happen later.
- “Red Herring” Foreshadowing: Misleads readers into thinking something else will happen.
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Watch this clip from The Lion King. What example of foreshadowing do you see? (Answers will depend on specific scenes viewed.)
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Watch this clip from Ratatouille. What example of flashback do you see? (Answers will depend on specific scenes viewed.)
Lesson 7: Setting
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What is mood? Mood is the emotional atmosphere that a piece of literature creates for the reader.
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What is setting? Setting encompasses the time, place, and environment in which a story occurs.
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What is structure? Structure refers to the arrangement of ideas and elements in a narrative.
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______________ refers to not only the physical place where the story happens but also to the hour, day, season, or a historical time period in which the story is set. Setting refers to not only the physical place where the story happens but also to the hour, day, season, or a historical time period in which the story is set.
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What is context? Context includes the circumstances or background that influence the setting or the events of a story.
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The setting of the story may do the following:
- Create a specific mood.
- Influence character behavior.
- Provide background information.
- Establish the historical or cultural context.
- Develop the plot.
Lesson 8: Character Development
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What is a character? A character is a person, animal, or figure in a literary work that drives the story.
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What are narrative techniques? Narrative techniques are methods used by authors to tell a story, such as point of view, pacing, and dialogue.
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The process by which authors reveal a character’s physical appearance, personality, motivations, and point of view is called ____________________. The process is called characterization.
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In which type of characterization does the author TELL readers what a character is like through statements and descriptions? This is referred to as direct characterization.
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In which type of characterization does the author SHOW readers what a character is like through the way the character speaks, dresses, or acts, what the character thinks, and how other characters react to that character? This is referred to as indirect characterization.
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What is a complex character? A complex character is one that has depth and undergoes development, making them relatable and realistic.
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Characters’ reasons for their actions and behaviors is called ____________________. This is called motivation.
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What is the difference between a complex character and a static character? A complex character evolves and develops throughout the narrative, while a static character remains unchanged.
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Characters drive a story’s _______________ forward through the conflicts they create and serve as vehicles through which authors convey their _______________. Characters drive a story’s plot forward through the conflicts they create and serve as vehicles through which authors convey their themes.
Lesson 11: Summarizing Literary Text
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What is a summary? (Lesson pg. 1) A summary is a brief statement that highlights the main ideas and points of a text without providing detail.
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What does being objective mean? (Lesson pg. 3) Being objective means presenting information without bias or personal feelings; focusing solely on facts.
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Summarizing Texts Graphic Organizer:
Somebody
- Who is the main character?
(Provide main character from “The Pedestrian”.)
Wanted
- What did the character want?
(Outline the character's goal in the story.)
But
- What was the problem or conflict?
(Describe the main conflict the character faces.)
So
- How did the character respond to the problem?
(Summarize the character's actions or decisions.)
Then
- What was the resolution? How did it end?
(Explain how the story concludes.)
- Combine your answers to the questions above to write a summary of the story in the box to the right. (Write a concise summary using the responses above.)
You can fill in your answers based on your understanding and interpretations of the texts studied in Unit 5. Good luck with your study guide!
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