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Unit 4 Lesson 5: Growing Tensions
The Georgia Platform
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Who was involved?
- The Georgia Platform was developed by prominent Southern politicians, including U.S. Senator Robert Toombs, and supported by citizens who identified with the Southern cause.
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What happened?
- The Georgia Platform was a response to the 1850 Compromise and aimed to express Georgia's stance on the Union and slavery. It emphasized support for the Union while also stressing the need to protect Southern interests, particularly the institution of slavery.
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Where did the event take place?
- Georgia, USA.
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When did the event take place?
- The Georgia Platform was adopted in 1850.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- It illustrates the growing sectional tensions leading up to the Civil War, reflecting Georgia’s commitment to slavery and the Southern states’ interests.
Dred Scott Court Case
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Who was involved?
- Dred Scott (an enslaved African American), his owners, various abolitionist groups, and the U.S. Supreme Court.
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What happened?
- The Supreme Court ruled in 1857 that Dred Scott, a slave who had lived in free territories, could not sue for his freedom, declaring he was not a citizen and affirming that Congress had no power to regulate slavery in the territories.
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Where did the event take place?
- United States Supreme Court, Washington D.C.
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When did the event take place?
- The decision was issued on March 6, 1857.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- The ruling intensified the national debate over slavery, further polarizing Northern and Southern states, including Georgia.
Unit 4 Lesson 6: Slavery in Georgia
Election of 1860
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Who was involved?
- Presidential candidates (notably Abraham Lincoln), Southern and Northern Democrats, the Constitutional Union Party, and voters in Georgia.
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What happened?
- The election of 1860 resulted in the Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln winning the presidency without carrying a single Southern state, causing significant alarm in the South.
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Where did the event take place?
- United States, including the state of Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- November 6, 1860.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- Lincoln’s election was a key factor leading to Southern secession, including Georgia's decision to leave the Union.
Unit 4 Lesson 8: The Arrival of the Civil War
Georgia’s Secession
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Who was involved?
- The Georgia state legislature and citizens who supported secession.
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What happened?
- Georgia formally seceded from the Union on January 19, 1861, joining other Southern states in response to the perceived threats against slavery and states' rights.
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Where did the event take place?
- Milledgeville, Georgia (then the state capital).
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What region(s) of Georgia did the event take place in?
- Primarily in the Piedmont region, where the capital was located.
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When did the event take place?
- January 19, 1861.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- Georgia’s secession marked its entry into the Confederacy, setting the stage for its significant role in the Civil War.
Unit 4 Lesson 9: The Civil War Rages On
The Civil War (focus on Georgia)
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Who was involved?
- Confederate troops, Union troops, local civilians, and government leaders.
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What happened?
- Georgia was a crucial battleground in the Civil War, witnessing significant conflicts like the Battle of Atlanta and Sherman's March to the Sea.
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Where did the event take place?
- Various locations in Georgia, including Atlanta, Savannah, and places along the route of Sherman’s campaign.
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When did the event take place?
- April 12, 1861, to April 9, 1865 (the duration of the Civil War).
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- Georgia’s location and resources were vital for the Confederacy, and the destruction during the war had long-lasting impacts on the state's economy and society.
Andersonville
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Who was involved?
- Prisoners of war, predominantly from the Union, and Confederate guards.
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What happened?
- Andersonville Prison, officially known as Camp Sumter, became notorious for its appalling conditions, leading to a high mortality rate among Union prisoners.
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Where did the event take place?
- Andersonville, Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Established in February 1864, it operated until April 1865.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- Andersonville symbolizes the horrors of war and the impact of Confederate strategies on human lives, leading to historical scrutiny of wartime policies.
Unit 4 Lesson 11: Political Reconstruction
13th Amendment
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Who was involved?
- Congress, President Abraham Lincoln, and abolitionist groups.
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What happened?
- The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
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Where did the event take place?
- Washington D.C., impacting all states, including Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Ratified on December 6, 1865.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- Abolishing slavery had a profound effect on Georgia’s economy, society, and its transition into the Reconstruction era.
14th Amendment
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Who was involved?
- Congress, former enslaved individuals, and Southern states, including Georgia.
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What happened?
- The 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.
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Where did the event take place?
- Washington D.C., with effects on all states, including Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Ratified on July 9, 1868.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- It was crucial for redefining citizenship and rights in Georgia, particularly for the newly freed African Americans.
15th Amendment
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Who was involved?
- Congress, African American men, and Southern states, including Georgia.
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What happened?
- The 15th Amendment prohibited the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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Where did the event take place?
- Washington D.C., with significance in Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Ratified on February 3, 1870.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- This amendment aimed to empower African American voters in Georgia and other Southern states during Reconstruction.
Founding of the Freedmen’s Bureau
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Who was involved?
- The federal government, African American former slaves, and freedmen.
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What happened?
- The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to aid freed slaves in their transition to freedom, providing food, housing, education, and legal assistance.
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Where did the event take place?
- Across the Southern states, including Georgia.
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When did the event take place?
- Established in March 1865.
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- It represented a significant federal effort to assist African Americans in Georgia and promote their integration into society.
Founding of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
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Who was involved?
- Confederate veterans and various white supremacist groups.
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What happened?
- The KKK was formed as a secret society advocating white supremacy and resisting Reconstruction efforts, using violence and intimidation.
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Where did the event take place?
- Tennessee (where it was founded) but quickly spread to Georgia and other Southern states.
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When did the event take place?
- Founded in 1865.
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Why is this event important or significant to Georgia’s history?
- The Klan’s actions contributed to the culture of fear and oppression in Georgia, negatively impacting African American communities and shaping the state's racial dynamics.
Removal of Black legislators from the Georgia General Assembly during Reconstruction
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Who was involved?
- Black legislators elected during Reconstruction and white political leaders.
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What happened?
- In 1868, many Black legislators were expelled from the Georgia legislature, reflecting the resistance to Reconstruction efforts and the fight for civil rights.
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Where did the event take place?
- Georgia State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia.
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What region(s) of Georgia did the event take place in?
- Piedmont region (where Atlanta is located).
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When did the event take place?
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Why is this event important to Georgia’s history?
- This removal symbolized the rollback of Reconstruction advancements and contributed to the systemic disenfranchisement of African Americans in Georgia, which persisted for decades.
These summaries provide a condensed look at significant historical events affecting Georgia. Feel free to reach out if more details are needed on any particular section!
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