The U.S. Constitution shapes the national government primarily in the following ways:
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It organizes the government into two separate branches. - While the Constitution establishes a system of checks and balances among three branches of government (the legislative, executive, and judicial), the separation of powers is crucial in ensuring that no single branch becomes too powerful.
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It creates the duties and limits for each part of government. - The Constitution outlines specific powers granted to each branch, as well as restrictions on those powers, helping to ensure that the government operates within defined limits.
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It explains the principles that the government should follow. - The Constitution includes foundational principles, such as federalism, separation of church and state, checks and balances, and individual rights.
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It lists all of the duties the state and national governments have. - The Constitution delineates powers between the federal government and the states, making clear which responsibilities belong to each.
Based on your question, the second statement, "It creates the duties and limits for each part of government," is likely the most comprehensive answer, as it emphasizes both the roles and constraints imposed by the Constitution on the national government.