Two independent clauses may be joined by using a comma before the conjunctions and, but, or, for, nor, so, and yet.
For example:
- I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.
You can also join them using a semicolon when the clauses are closely related, without using a conjunction:
- I wanted to go for a walk; it started to rain.
So, the correct answer to your fill-in-the-blank question is the use of a comma before the conjunctions.