True or false? A codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid.

Question

True or false? A codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid.
View Available Hint(s)for Part A

True
False
Part B
Which of the following statements about mutations is false?
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A deletion mutation results in the loss of a base in the DNA sequence.
Addition and deletion mutations disrupt the primary structure of proteins.
A knock-out mutation results in a total absence of the mutated protein.
An addition mutation results in an added base in the DNA sequence.
Part C
If a DNA sequence is altered from TAGCTGA to TAGTGA, what kind of mutation has occurred?
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Both addition and deletion.
None.
Deletion.
Addition.
Part D
Which mutation(s) would not change the remainder of the reading frame of a gene sequence that follows the mutation(s)?
View Available Hint(s)for Part D

One addition and two deletion mutations.
One addition mutation.
One deletion mutation.
One addition and one deletion mutation.
Part E
If the sequence ATGCATGTCAATTGA were mutated such that a base were inserted after the first G and the third T were deleted, how many amino acids would be changed in the mutant protein?
View Available Hint(s)for Part E

None.
One.
Three.
Two.
Part F
If a mutated DNA sequence produces a protein that differs in one central amino acid from the normal protein, which of the following kinds of mutations could have occurred?
View Available Hint(s)for Part F

An addition mutation
A deletion mutation.
None.
An addition mutation and a deletion mutation.

GPT-4o mini · Answer

Let's go through each part step by step:

Part A True or false? A codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid.

Answer: False.
Codons are indeed groups of three nucleotide bases, but each codon specifies a specific amino acid or a stop signal. However, some amino acids are specified by more than one codon (known as redundancy), but a codon itself does not specify more than one amino acid.

Part B Which of the following statements about mutations is false?

A deletion mutation results in the loss of a base in the DNA sequence.
Addition and deletion mutations disrupt the primary structure of proteins.
A knock-out mutation results in a total absence of the mutated protein.
An addition mutation results in an added base in the DNA sequence.

Answer: None of the statements is false.
All the statements regarding mutations are true.

Part C If a DNA sequence is altered from TAGCTGA to TAGTGA, what kind of mutation has occurred?

Answer: Deletion.
The change from TAGCTGA to TAGTGA indicates that the "C" has been deleted from the original sequence.

Part D Which mutation(s) would not change the remainder of the reading frame of a gene sequence that follows the mutation(s)?

Answer: One deletion mutation.
A single base deletion alters the reading frame, but if you're considering scenarios that only involve a single base, a single base addition or deletion would not maintain the reading frame as it would alter it. However, multiple base deletions or an addition together would disrupt the entire reading frame.

Part E If the sequence ATGCATGTCAATTGA were mutated such that a base were inserted after the first G and the third T were deleted, how many amino acids would be changed in the mutant protein?

Answer: Two.
Inserting a base and deleting another shifts the reading frame (frame shift), which would likely change all amino acids downstream of the mutation.

Part F If a mutated DNA sequence produces a protein that differs in one central amino acid from the normal protein, which of the following kinds of mutations could have occurred?

Answer: An addition mutation or a deletion mutation.
Both types of mutations (addition and deletion) can result in a single amino acid change, depending on the specific location and nature of the mutation.

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