Transformations in geometry are all about changing the position or orientation of shapes while keeping their size and form the same, leading to what we call congruent figures. There are several key types of transformations: translations, which slide a shape in any direction; rotations, where a shape turns around a fixed point, like a 90° or 270° turn (which goes clockwise or counterclockwise, respectively), and a 180° rotation that flips it upside down. Then, we have reflections, which flip a shape over a line like the x-axis or y-axis, creating a mirror image. Vertical and horizontal translations are when a shape moves up or down (vertical) or left and right (horizontal). All these transformations help us understand how figures relate to one another in a fun and visual way while maintaining their congruence!
Transformations and Congruence
Translations
Rotations
Vertical & Horizontal Translations
Reflections Across the x- or y- Axis
90 and 270 Degree Rotations
180 Degree Rotations
Congruent Figures
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