Toxic substances have harmful effects on the lungs. State the three (3) groups of toxic

Question

substances and their causes?

Answer 1

Toxic substances that harm the lungs can be broadly categorized into three groups based on their sources and effects:

1. Chemical Irritants:

   • Causes: These substances are often found in industrial environments, households, or emitted from vehicles. Common examples include ammonia, chlorine gas, and formaldehyde. Exposure can occur through inhalation during chemical spills, leaks, or improper use of cleaning products.

2. Particulate Matter:

   • Causes: This group includes tiny particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs and is primarily generated from sources such as vehicle exhaust, industrial processes, construction activities, and natural sources like wildfires and volcanic eruptions. Types of particulate matter include dust, smoke, and soot.

3. Biological Agents:

   • Causes: These include a range of biological materials such as mold spores, bacteria, viruses, and allergens like pollen. They can lead to respiratory infections or exacerbate conditions like asthma when inhaled. Common sources include damp environments, poorly maintained HVAC systems, and outdoor mold growth.

Understanding these groups and their causes is essential for recognizing risks and implementing appropriate safety and health measures in both occupational and general environments.