Research can be categorized into various types based on different criteria. Here are three common types of research:
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Descriptive Research: This type of research aims to provide an accurate portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or group. It describes the "what" of a phenomenon without delving into the "why" or "how." Descriptive research can involve surveys, observations, and case studies. It is often used to gather information about the current state of affairs or behaviors.
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Experimental Research: Experimental research is used to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables. In this type of research, the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables and observes the effect on a dependent variable while controlling for other factors. This method is common in the fields of psychology, medicine, and natural sciences, where researchers can conduct controlled experiments to test hypotheses.
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Qualitative Research: This type of research focuses on understanding human behavior, thoughts, and experiences through non-numerical data. Qualitative research methods include interviews, focus groups, and content analysis. The objective is to gain insights into people's attitudes, motivations, and feelings, often resulting in rich, detailed descriptions of the subject matter.
These categories can overlap, and researchers often use mixed methods to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of a research question.