Three prisoners, A, B, and C, are locked in their cells. It is common knowledge that one of them is to be executed the next day and the others are to be pardoned. Only the Governor knows which one will be executed. Prisoner A asks the guard a favor: "Please ask the Governor who will be executed, and then take a message to one of my friends B or C to let him know that he will be pardoned in the morning." The Guard agrees, and comes back later and tells A that he gave the pardon message to B. What are A's chances of being executed, given this information? Show how you come to your answer mathematically. Failing that try running a little simulation
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If B is pardoned, either A or C will be executed, 1 out of 2.
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