Three models of cellular reproduction are shown below.

Question

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Which explanation about cellular reproduction is best supported by the models? a Meiosis and binary fission both include the process of crossing over during cellular replication. b Binary fission and mitosis both produce daughter cells that are identical to the parent cells. c Meiosis and mitosis both produce daughter cells with fewer chromosomes than the parent cells. d Mitosis and meiosis both produce diploid and haploid gametes during cellular replication.

Answer 1

To analyze the statements and identify which best aligns with the models of cellular reproduction:

a) Meiosis and binary fission both include the process of crossing over during cellular replication.
This statement is incorrect. Crossing over occurs during meiosis, which allows for genetic variation, but it does not occur during binary fission, which is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes.

b) Binary fission and mitosis both produce daughter cells that are identical to the parent cells.
This statement is correct. Both binary fission (in prokaryotes) and mitosis (in eukaryotes) lead to the formation of daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original parent cell.

c) Meiosis and mitosis both produce daughter cells with fewer chromosomes than the parent cells.
This statement is incorrect. While meiosis results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes (haploid), mitosis produces daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (diploid).

d) Mitosis and meiosis both produce diploid and haploid gametes during cellular replication.
This statement is misleading. Mitosis produces diploid cells that are genetically identical, while meiosis produces haploid gametes. Thus, while meiosis produces haploid gametes, mitosis does not produce any gametes.

Based on this analysis, the best-supported explanation about cellular reproduction is:

b) Binary fission and mitosis both produce daughter cells that are identical to the parent cells.

Answer 2

Steps of mitosis in order
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Telophase

Answer 3

The steps of mitosis occur in a specific order. Here is the correct sequence:

1. Prophase: The chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear envelope begins to break down, and the mitotic spindle starts to form.

2. Metaphase: The chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (the center of the cell) with the help of the spindle fibers attached to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

3. Anaphase: The sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move toward opposite poles of the cell.

4. Telophase: The chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear envelope begins to reform around each set of chromosomes. The chromosomes also begin to de-condense.

So, the correct order of mitosis is:

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase