This question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B.

Question

How does the playwright use dramatic irony in this play?
A.By having Augustus unaware of the true state of affairs in the town
B.By making the clerk more knowledgeable than Augustus
C.By showing Augustus as a competent leader
D. By portraying the clerk as ignorant of wartime conditions

5b.
Which line from the passage best supports your answer to Part A?
A."They told me that this town had set an example to all England in the matter of economy."
B."What! You mean to tell me that when the lives of the gallant fellows in our trenches, and the fate of the British Empire, depend on our keeping up the supply of shells, you are wasting money on sweeping the streets?"
C."Beamish, it's an ill bird that fouls its own nest."
D."Our gallant fellows are dying in the trenches; and you want a rise!"

In this scene, Augustus, a government official, is frustrated by the inefficiency and disarray in a small town during wartime. He expects things to run smoothly but encounters problems like the absence of trains, the internment of a local baker, and the town's struggle to maintain essential services. The Clerk, representing the common man, highlights the contradictions of war, pointing out the impracticality of some government policies and expressing dissatisfaction with his own worsening conditions, culminating in a request for a pay raise despite the war.
[...]
[50] AUGUSTUS: Can't they take the train?
[51] THE CLERK: There ain't no trains now. They've tore up the rails and sent them to the front.
[52] AUGUSTUS: Psha!
[53] THE CLERK: Well, we have to get about somehow.
[54] AUGUSTUS: This is perfectly monstrous. Not in the least what I intended.
[55] THE CLERK: Hell—
[56] AUGUSTUS: Sir!
[57] THE CLERK: [explaining]. Hell, they says, is paved with good intentions.
[58] AUGUSTUS: [springing to his feet]. Do you mean to insinuate that hell is paved with MY good intentions—with the good intentions of His Majesty's Government?
[59] THE CLERK: I don't mean to insinuate anything until the Defence of the Realm Act is repealed. It ain't safe.
[60] AUGUSTUS: They told me that this town had set an example to all England in the matter of economy. I came down here to promise the Mayor a knighthood for his exertions.
[61] THE CLERK: The Mayor! Where do I come in?
[62] AUGUSTUS: You don't come in. You go out. This is a fool of a place. I'm greatly disappointed. Deeply disappointed. [Flinging himself back into his chair.] Disgusted.
[63] THE CLERK: What more can we do? We've shut up everything. The picture gallery is shut. The museum is shut. The theatres and picture shows is shut: I haven't seen a movie picture for six months.
[64] AUGUSTUS: Man, man: do you want to see picture shows when the Hun is at the gate1?
[65] THE CLERK: [mournfully]. I don't now, though it drove me melancholy mad at first.
[66] AUGUSTUS: Why didn't you?
[67] THE CLERK: Because a friend advised me against it. That saved my life, though it makes me very poor company in the mornings, as [hiccuping] perhaps you've noticed.
[68] AUGUSTUS: Well, upon my soul! You are not ashamed to stand there and confess yourself disgusting.
[69] THE CLERK: Well, what of it? We're at war now; and everything's changed. … That's the good of war: it brings out powers in a man that he never suspected himself capable of. You said so yourself in your speech last night.
[70] AUGUSTUS: I did not know that I was talking to an imbecile. You ought to be ashamed of yourself. … I'm going to establish a new order of things here. I shall come down every morning before breakfast until things are properly in train. Have a cup of coffee and two rolls for me here every morning at half-past ten.
[71] THE CLERK: You can't have no rolls. The only baker that baked rolls was a Hun; and he's been interned.
[72] AUGUSTUS: Quite right, too. And was there no Englishman to take his place?
[73] THE CLERK: There was. But he was caught spying; and they took him up to London and shot him.
[74] AUGUSTUS: Shot an Englishman!
[75] THE CLERK: Well, it stands to reason if the Germans wanted to spy they wouldn't employ a German that everybody would suspect, don't it?
[76] AUGUSTUS: [rising again]. Do you mean to say, you scoundrel, that an Englishman is capable of selling his country to the enemy for gold?
[77] THE CLERK: Not as a general thing I wouldn't say it; but there's men here would sell their own mothers for two coppers if they got the chance.
[78] AUGUSTUS: Beamish, it's an ill bird that fouls its own nest.
[79] THE CLERK: It wasn't me that let Little Pifflington get foul. I don't belong to the governing classes. I only tell you why you can't have no rolls.
[80] AUGUSTUS: [intensely irritated]. Can you tell me where I can find an intelligent being to take my orders?
[81] THE CLERK: One of the street sweepers used to teach in the school until it was shut up for the sake of economy. Will he do?
[82] AUGUSTUS: What! You mean to tell me that when the lives of the gallant fellows in our trenches, and the fate of the British Empire, depend on our keeping up the supply of shells, you are wasting money on sweeping the streets?
[83] THE CLERK: We have to. We dropped it for a while; but the infant death rate went up something frightful.
[84] AUGUSTUS: What matters the death rate of Little Pifflington in a moment like this? Think of our gallant soldiers, not of your squalling infants.
[85] THE CLERK: If you want soldiers you must have children. You can't buy em in boxes, like toy soldiers.
[86] AUGUSTUS: Beamish, the long and the short of it is, you are no patriot. Go downstairs to your office; and have that gas stove taken away and replaced by an ordinary grate. The Board of Trade has urged on me the necessity for economizing gas.
[87] THE CLERK: Our orders from the Minister of Munitions is to use gas instead of coal, because it saves material. Which is it to be?
[88] AUGUSTUS: [bawling furiously at him]. Both! Don't criticize your orders: obey them. Yours not to reason why: yours but to do and die. That's war. [Cooling down.] Have you anything else to say?
[89] THE CLERK: Yes: I want a rise.
[90] AUGUSTUS: [reeling against the table in his horror]. A rise! Horatio Floyd Beamish, do you know that we are at war?
[91] THE CLERK: [feebly ironical]. I have noticed something about it in the papers. Heard you mention it once or twice, now I come to think of it.
[92] AUGUSTUS: Our gallant fellows are dying in the trenches; and you want a rise!
[93] THE CLERK: What are they dying for? To keep me alive, ain't it? Well, what's the good of that if I'm dead of hunger by the time they come back?
[94] AUGUSTUS: Everybody else is making sacrifices without a thought of self; and you—
[95] THE CLERK: Not half, they ain't. Where's the baker's sacrifice? Where's the coal merchant's? Where's the butcher's? Charging me double: that's how they sacrifice themselves. Well, I want to sacrifice myself that way too. Just double next Saturday: double and not a penny less; or no secretary for you [he stiffens himself shakily, and makes resolutely for the door.]

Answer 1

Part A

Answer: A. By having Augustus unaware of the true state of affairs in the town

Explanation: Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows something that the characters do not. In this play, Augustus believes he is going to oversee the efficient functioning of the town during wartime but is completely oblivious to the realities and challenges the town faces, such as the lack of basic services and the internment of critical personnel like the baker. His confidence and frustration stem from his ignorance of the actual state of affairs, creating a sense of irony.

Part B

Answer: B. "What! You mean to tell me that when the lives of the gallant fellows in our trenches, and the fate of the British Empire, depend on our keeping up the supply of shells, you are wasting money on sweeping the streets?"

Explanation: This line exemplifies Augustus’s dramatic misunderstanding of the situation in the town. He believes that maintaining military supply lines is the top priority, not realizing the essential needs of the town itself, thus highlighting his ignorance to the audience and contributing to the dramatic irony.