The term you're looking for is "vector." In mathematics and physics, a vector represents both a magnitude and a direction, and arrows are commonly used to visually depict vectors. The length of the arrow indicates the magnitude, while the direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the quantity. If you're referring specifically to an arrow that combines multiple quantities, you might also be thinking of a "resultant vector," which represents the combined effect of multiple vectors.
This is the term for an arrow that shows combined quantities.
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