This human karyotype is unusual because chromosome pair a 10 is missing genetic material. b 14 has enlarged centromeres. c 21 has an extra chromosome. d 23 has chromosomes of different shapes.

Answer 1

Based on your description of the unusual human karyotype, let's break down the options:

a. Chromosome pair 10 is missing genetic material. - This could indicate a deletion, but without further context on the specific implications, it's difficult to assess the severity.

b. Chromosome pair 14 has enlarged centromeres. - Enlarged centromeres can be indicative of structural abnormalities but are not specifically characteristic of any common genetic disorder.

c. Chromosome pair 21 has an extra chromosome. - This is characteristic of Down syndrome (trisomy 21), where an extra copy of chromosome 21 results in developmental and physical differences.

d. Chromosome pair 23 has chromosomes of different shapes. - This suggests there might be structural abnormalities, but it depends on the context of the shapes (e.g., one could be a result of translocations or other chromosomal rearrangements).

From these options, c (chromosome pair 21 has an extra chromosome) is the most clearly defined and commonly recognized genetic anomaly, associated with a well-defined condition (Down syndrome). Thus, this option stands out as significant in terms of human genetics.