This excerpt explains the system of federalism.

Question

In a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government... In the [government separated into states) of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each, subdivided among... separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself.

-James Madison, Federalist, no. 51, 1788

Based on the excerpt, why did James Madison believe that federalism is needed in government?

(1 point)

Oit allows the govemment to make decisions more efficiently

O it provides government with a way to support the powers of the military

Oit limits gavemmental authority in order to avoid abuse of power

Oit prevents conflict over controversial govemmental policies

Of the following statements, which one best represents the role of the judicial branch of government? (1 point)

The judicial branch has a responsibility to ensure that the committee system functions appropriately

The judicial branch has the ability to declare a law unconstitutional

The judicial braich writes the bills that are then sent to the legislative branch

The judicial branch Ines govemment employees that are accused of commitling a crime

Answer 1

Based on the excerpt, James Madison believed that federalism is needed in government because it limits governmental authority in order to avoid abuse of power. This is reflected in the way he describes the division of power among different governments and departments, which creates checks and balances.

For the second question, the statement that best represents the role of the judicial branch of government is "The judicial branch has the ability to declare a law unconstitutional." This power is a key function of the judicial branch, ensuring that laws align with the Constitution.