This excerpt explains the system of federalism.

Question

In a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government.... In the [government separated into states] of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each, subdivided among ..
• separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself.
-James Madison, Federalist, no. 51, 1788
Based on the excerpt, why did James Madison believe that federalism is needed in government?
(1 point)
• it allows the government to make decisions more efficiently
• it prevents conflict over controversial governmental policies
• it limits governmental authority in order to avoid abuse of power
• it provides government with a way to support the powers of the military
Of the following statements, which one best represents the role of the judicial branch of government? (1 point)
The judicial branch has a responsibility to ensure that the committee system functions appropriately
• The judicial branch writes the bills that are then sent to the legislative branch.
• The judicial branch has the ability to declare a law unconstitutional.
• The judicial branch tries government employees that are accused of committing a crime.

Answer 1

Based on the excerpt, James Madison believed that federalism is needed in government because it limits governmental authority in order to avoid abuse of power. This is evident from his discussion of the division of power among different governments and departments, which creates checks and balances.

As for the role of the judicial branch of government, the statement that best represents it is The judicial branch has the ability to declare a law unconstitutional. This key function helps ensure that laws and actions of the government align with the Constitution.