Question 1 (11a): The bubbles that are forming from the plant in the aquarium water are most likely oxygen gas. This is a byproduct of photosynthesis, where the plant uses carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to produce glucose and oxygen.
Question 2 (11b): Your teacher suggested that you blow through the straw into the water to add more carbon dioxide to the water. This is because blowing air (which contains carbon dioxide) into the water increases the carbon dioxide concentration that the plant can use for photosynthesis, leading to more oxygen production and bubble formation.
Question 3 (11c): The process you have been observing is photosynthesis. This is the process through which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.