Here’s a breakdown of each situation and whether it represents a physical or chemical change:
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Burning a piece of toast: This is a chemical change. The bread undergoes combustion, resulting in new substances (carbon, ash) and a change in color.
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Forget to dry a knife and see reddish brown spots (rust): This is a chemical change. The formation of rust (iron oxide) is a chemical reaction between iron, oxygen, and moisture.
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Using a blow dryer to dry your hair: This is a physical change. The heat causes water to evaporate, but it does not change the chemical structure of your hair.
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Coiling a straight piece of wire to form a spring: This is a physical change. The wire's shape changes, but its chemical properties remain unchanged.
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Color being dropped into water to give it color: This is a physical change. The dye disperses in the water, but no chemical reaction occurs.
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Chewing food to break it down into smaller pieces: This is a physical change. The food's size and shape change, but its chemical structure remains the same.
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Changing starch into sugars by enzymes in the digestive system: This is a chemical change. The enzymes break down starches into different chemical substances (sugars).
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Fireworks exploding, giving off heat and light: This is a chemical change. The combustion of chemicals in fireworks results in new substances being formed.
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Crushing a piece of chalk into a fine powder: This is a physical change. The chalk changes in size and shape, but its chemical composition remains unchanged.
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Dissolving chocolate syrup into a glass of milk: This is a physical change. The syrup disperses in the milk, but the chemical identity of both substances remains unchanged (although it does create a new mixture).
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Toasting a marshmallow over a campfire until it has a golden brown crust: This is a chemical change. The heat causes chemical reactions in the sugars and proteins, resulting in new substances.
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Marshmallow begins to glow a bright yellow color and warm: This is also a chemical change. The glowing indicates a chemical reaction taking place as the sugars caramelize and new substances are formed.
In summary, burning toast, rusting, enzyme activity, fireworks, and toasting a marshmallow are chemical changes, while drying hair, coiling wire, dyeing water, chewing food, crushing chalk, and dissolving syrup are physical changes.