It looks like you are asking for definitions or terms that correspond to specific descriptions. Here are the answers based on your clues:
- Therapy that uses needles to cure sickness and stop pain: Acupuncture
- Art of beautiful writing: Calligraphy
- Single person or group who controls the production of a good or service: Monopoly
- A tool to measure earthquakes: Seismometer (or Seismograph)
- A protective coating made from the sap of a special tree: Varnish (or Lacquer)
If you need further information or more details on any of these topics, feel free to ask!