The theme of the play that is developed by the details in this passage is:
Vanity can lead to others taking advantage of you.
In this excerpt, Jourdain expresses his desire to study music, dancing, fencing, speech, and philosophy, driven by his vanity and aspiration to appear aristocratic. This pursuit of appearing elite and cultured can suggest that he may be overly concerned with appearances, potentially making him vulnerable to being taken advantage of by those around him.