The wealth of East African city-states was based on

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The wealth of East African city-states was primarily based on trade. These city-states, such as Kilwa, Mombasa, and Zanzibar, thrived due to their strategic locations along the Indian Ocean trade routes. They facilitated trade between Africa, the Middle East, India, and beyond, dealing in goods such as gold, ivory, timber, spices, and textiles. The commerce not only enriched the local economies but also contributed to the cultural exchange and the spread of religions like Islam in the region.