The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. The fundamental process of the water cycle can be modeled to illustrate the most important aspects of the natural phenomenon. The water cycle involves the exchange of energy, which leads to temperature changes. When water evaporates, energy is removed which cools the environment. When water condenses, it releases energy and warms the environment.

Question

In addition, the water cycle transfers water from one system to another. The water cycle purifies water, replenishes the land with freshwater, and transports minerals to different parts of the globe. But, most importantly the water cycle is crucial in the maintenance of life and the ecosystems of Earth.
Study the diagram above. What cause and effect prediction can be used to test the assumptions in the model?

evaporation does not affect temperature change in the system
1x
B
condensation does not affect temperature change in the system
C evaporation will cause the temperature to decrease in the system
4x
D condensation will cause the temperature to decrease in the system

Answer 1

To test the assumptions in the model related to the water cycle and its effects on temperature, the appropriate cause and effect prediction is:

C: Evaporation will cause the temperature to decrease in the system.

This prediction aligns with the explanation that when water evaporates, it absorbs energy from the environment, thus leading to a cooling effect. This can be tested by measuring the temperature before and after evaporation occurs in a controlled environment.

Both options A and B incorrectly suggest that evaporation and condensation do not affect temperature change, which contradicts established scientific principles about these processes. Option D is also incorrect, as condensation typically releases energy, leading to an increase in temperature rather than a decrease.