It seems like you're referring to the concept of "voice" in grammar. In this context, the voice indicates the relationship between the action expressed by the verb and the participants identified by the subject and object in a sentence.
There are typically two main types of voice:
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Active Voice: In an active voice construction, the subject performs the action of the verb. For example, in the sentence "The dog (subject) chased (verb) the ball (object)," the subject (the dog) is doing the action (chasing).
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Passive Voice: In a passive voice construction, the subject receives the action of the verb. For example, in the sentence "The ball (subject) was chased (verb) by the dog (agent)," the subject (the ball) is the receiver of the action (being chased).
In summary, voice in grammar highlights whether the subject of the sentence is doing the action (active) or receiving the action (passive).