Butene, also known as but-1-ene, has the chemical formula C4H8. In butene, each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds with other atoms - three sigma (σ) bonds and one pi (π) bond.
The Valence Bond Theory describes the formation of these bonds by overlapping of atomic orbitals. In butene, each carbon atom has three sp2 hybridized orbitals and one unhybridized p orbital. The sp2 orbitals overlap with each other and with the 1s orbitals of hydrogen atoms to form sigma bonds.
The remaining p orbital on each carbon atom overlaps sidewise to form a pi bond. This pi bond is formed by the sideways overlap of two unhybridized p orbitals.
Overall, in butene, the covalent bonding is explained by the overlap of atomic orbitals to form sigma and pi bonds, as described by the Valence Bond Theory.
The Valence Bond Theory only explains covalent bonds. It doesn't explain ionic or metallic bonding. Use Valence Bond Theory to to describe the bonding in butene
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