The table shown here lists the specific heat of several substances.

Question

Substance Specific heat
J/g/∘C

water 4.18
ethyl alcohol 2.44
benzene 1.80
sulfuric acid 1.40

Which of the following statements are true?

Select all that apply.
View Available Hint(s)for Part C

More heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of benzene 1 ∘C
than to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 ∘C
.
Sulfuric acid is less resistant to temperature change than water.
Benzene is more resistant to temperature change than sulfuric acid.
Ethyl alcohol likely exhibits more hydrogen bonding than water.
Water is less resistant to temperature change than ethyl alcohol.
Water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
More heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 ∘C
than to raise the temperature of 1 g of ethyl alcohol 1 ∘C
.

Answer 1

Let's analyze each statement in light of the specific heat values provided:

1. More heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of benzene 1 °C than to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 °C.

   • False. The specific heat of benzene (1.80 J/g/°C) is less than that of water (4.18 J/g/°C). Therefore, it requires less heat to raise the temperature of benzene compared to water.

2. Sulfuric acid is less resistant to temperature change than water.

   • True. The specific heat of sulfuric acid (1.40 J/g/°C) is lower than that of water (4.18 J/g/°C), which means sulfuric acid is less resistant to temperature change.

3. Benzene is more resistant to temperature change than sulfuric acid.

   • True. Benzene has a higher specific heat (1.80 J/g/°C) compared to sulfuric acid (1.40 J/g/°C), indicating that benzene is more resistant to temperature change.

4. Ethyl alcohol likely exhibits more hydrogen bonding than water.

   • False. Water (H₂O) has strong hydrogen bonding due to its bent structure and the presence of two hydrogen atoms bonded to a highly electronegative oxygen atom. Ethyl alcohol (C₂H₅OH) does exhibit hydrogen bonding, but it is generally considered weaker than that of water.

5. Water is less resistant to temperature change than ethyl alcohol.

   • False. The specific heat of ethyl alcohol (2.44 J/g/°C) is lower than that of water (4.18 J/g/°C), meaning water is more resistant to temperature change than ethyl alcohol.

6. Water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules.

   • True. Water's high specific heat is indeed attributed to the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules, which require more energy to break.

7. More heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 °C than to raise the temperature of 1 g of ethyl alcohol 1 °C.

   • True. Since water has a specific heat of 4.18 J/g/°C and ethyl alcohol has a specific heat of 2.44 J/g/°C, more heat is required for water.

In summary, the true statements from the list are:

• Sulfuric acid is less resistant to temperature change than water.
• Benzene is more resistant to temperature change than sulfuric acid.
• Water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
• More heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 °C than to raise the temperature of 1 g of ethyl alcohol 1 °C.