The ideal gas law expresses the relationship among four variable quantities:
- Pressure (P) - the force exerted by the gas particles per unit area.
- Volume (V) - the space occupied by the gas.
- Temperature (T) - the measure of the average kinetic energy of the gas particles, usually expressed in Kelvin.
- Amount of gas (n) - the quantity of gas present, typically measured in moles.
The ideal gas law is formulated as:
\[ PV = nRT \]
where \( R \) is the ideal gas constant. This equation shows how these variables interact in an ideal gas scenario under assumptions that the gas behaves ideally (e.g., low pressure and high temperature).