It seems you're asking about the point of view in a narrative context. The point of view mainly refers to the perspective from which the story is told. Here are three aspects that can help explain the point of view in a story:
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The Relationship of the Narrator to the Story: The narrator's involvement can vary—first-person narrators may be characters within the story, providing a personal and subjective viewpoint, while third-person narrators may be outside observers. Understanding this relationship helps in grasping the biases, limitations, and insights the narrator offers.
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The Type of Narrative Voice: The point of view can be first-person ("I"), second-person ("you"), or third-person ("he," "she," "they"). Each type gives the reader a different experience. First-person creates intimacy, second-person addresses the reader directly, and third-person can offer broader perspectives, including omniscient views.
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Where the Story Takes Place: The setting can influence the point of view by providing cultural, social, and historical context. The location may affect how characters think and behave, as well as how the narrator interprets events.
This breakdown helps in analyzing how effectively the story's perspective shapes the reader's understanding and emotional connection to the narrative.