To find the percentage of area damaged by the fire after 8 hours, we can substitute \( t = 8 \) into the model \( P(t) = 12e^{0.08t} \).
First, calculate the exponent:
\[ 0.08 \times 8 = 0.64 \]
Now, we can evaluate \( P(8) \):
\[ P(8) = 12e^{0.64} \]
Next, we need to calculate \( e^{0.64} \). Using a calculator, we find:
\[ e^{0.64} \approx 1.857 \]
Now plug this value back into the equation:
\[ P(8) = 12 \times 1.857 \approx 22.284 \]
Finally, we round \( 22.284 \) to the nearest whole number:
\[ \text{Percentage of area damaged} \approx 22% \]
Therefore, the final answer is:
22%