The only transformation that changes both a figure's orientation and position is a reflection.
A reflection flips the figure over a line, which alters its orientation, and it can also change its position relative to the original figure.
- Dilation changes the size but does not affect orientation.
- Translation changes the position but does not alter orientation.
- Rotation changes the orientation but does not alter the position of the center of the figure in space.
So the correct answer is reflection.