The only transformation that changes both a figure's orientation and position is a D. reflection.
A reflection flips a figure over a line (the line of reflection), which alters its orientation. In contrast:
- A translation changes a figure's position but not its orientation.
- A dilation changes the size of a figure but not its orientation or position.
- A rotation changes a figure's orientation but does not change its position.
Thus, the correct answer is D. reflection.