The creation of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) can be most likely seen as a response to C. Plessy v. Ferguson.
The 1896 Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine, which justified the systemic discrimination against African Americans. This decision galvanized the civil rights movement and prompted the establishment of the NAACP in 1909 to combat such injustices and advocate for the rights and equality of African Americans.