Here are the definitions and explanations corresponding to the various terms you've mentioned:
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The main idea or argument of the text: This refers to the primary point or assertion that the author wishes to convey throughout the piece. It encapsulates the core message that the text aims to communicate to the reader.
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The author's attitude toward the subject of a text: This is known as the author's tone. It reflects the author's feelings, opinions, or perspective regarding the subject matter, which can be identified through word choice, style, and the overall approach to the topic.
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Factual information told in the form of a narrative: This describes a narrative nonfiction approach, where real events or information are presented in a storytelling format. It combines factual elements with narrative styles to engage the reader while imparting information.
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A text that gives information about factual information: This refers to expository writing. Expository texts aim to inform, explain, or describe factual concepts, ideas, or information to the reader without inserting the author's opinion or narrative style.
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A public declaration or address: This can be referred to as a speech. A speech is a formal discourse delivered to an audience, often intended to inform, persuade, or inspire.
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The central truth revealed by a work: This is often called a theme or moral. It signifies the underlying message or insight that the work conveys about life, society, or human nature, often woven throughout the narrative.
If you need elaboration on any specific item, feel free to ask!