The Little Rock crisis-In 1957 After the Brown v Board of Education ruling, only some school boards began to desegregate their schools, and they did so slowly. This was because the Supreme Court had not given a specific timeframe for desegregation ( stop segregation and intergrate) to happen. Additionally, some cities and communities refused to stop segregation.
The local school board in Little Rock, Arkansas, decided to proceed with school desegregation. In September 1957, supported by local NAACP branch leader Daisy Bates, nine African American students attempted to attend Central High School in Little Rock.
There was a fierce backlash in the local community. White Citizens’ Councils (WCC) organised against the desegregation of Central High School. On the first day of the school term, a large angry mob gathered outside the school to show their opposition to desegregation and to intimidate the African American students. Two of the students who attended Central High School in Little Rock were Elizabeth Eckford and Minnijean Brown.
The governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus, upheld segregation by using the Arkansas National Guard to stop the nine African American students from attending Central High School. This was illegal. To resolve the crisis, President Dwight D Eisenhower intervened and sent the army to ensure the Little Rock Nine could attend Central High School.
The events in Little Rock attracted worldwide attention to the civil rights movement and can be seen to have directly influenced the Civil Rights Act of 1957. The Act was primarily aimed at ensuring that all Americans, regardless of their race or colour, could exercise their right to vote.
Why do you think the events at Little Rock High School were so significant for the progress in civil rights in the 1950s?
3 answers
1. The defiance of Governor Faubus and the resistance from the local community highlighted the deep-seated racism and segregation that existed in parts of America. This brought national attention to the issue and forced the federal government to intervene, showing the need for federal intervention to enforce desegregation.
2. President Eisenhower's decision to send in the army to ensure the Little Rock Nine could attend Central High School demonstrated that the federal government was committed to upholding the law and protecting the rights of African American students. This set a precedent for future interventions to enforce desegregation.
3. The events at Little Rock High School helped to galvanize the civil rights movement and inspire activists across the country to continue fighting for equality and justice. It showed that change was possible, even in the face of extreme resistance.
4. The publicity and media coverage of the events at Little Rock High School helped to raise awareness about the injustices of segregation and racism, both nationally and internationally. This helped to build public support for the civil rights movement and put pressure on lawmakers to enact change.
Overall, the events at Little Rock High School were a turning point in the civil rights movement of the 1950s, showcasing the need for federal intervention, the power of nonviolent protest, and the importance of continued activism in the fight for equality and justice.