The civilization that is often noted for its sudden disappearance is Tiahuanaco. The Tiahuanaco culture, which thrived in the region around Lake Titicaca in present-day Bolivia, experienced a decline around the year 1000 AD, and the reasons for their disappearance are still a subject of study and debate among historians and archaeologists.
While the Incas also experienced significant decline due to various factors including the Spanish conquest, they did not "suddenly" disappear in the same way as Tiahuanaco. The Aymara people are still present today, and although their ancient civilization has faced changes over time, they have not disappeared.
Thus, the answer is Tiahuanaco.
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