The indian ocean tsunami of 2004 was generated by

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a massive undersea earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The earthquake had a magnitude of 9.1–9.3 and was one of the most powerful ever recorded. It occurred at a subduction zone where the Indian Plate is being subducted beneath the Burma Plate, causing a sudden upward displacement of the overlying water and generating a series of powerful tsunami waves.