The correct answer is D: Wegener's theory of continental drift, which described how continents shift position on Earth's surface. The Himalayas formed when two pieces of Earth's surface (the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate) pushed together and uplifted, causing the mountains to rise. This theory provided an explanation for the geological features, including the presence of limestone at high altitudes, by accounting for the movement of continents over geological time scales.
The Himalayas are often referred to as the roof of the world because they are the highest peaks on Earth, most famously Mt. Everest. The rock that caps Mt. Everest is limestone, a type of rock that forms at the bottom of warm, shallow seas and is composed primarily of fossilized marine organisms, from plankton to clams and fish. For years, geologists struggled to explain how the remains of tiny sea organisms could exist at the top of a mountain range. In fact, conflicting explanations arose from this evidence.The contraction theory implied that mountain ranges like the Himalayas were forced up by the wrinkling process. This theory assumed that all of the features on Earth had formed during one cooling event. What theory, proposed at the same time, provided another explanation? A Darwin's theory of natural selection. The sea organisms changed over time as the environment of the Himalayas changed over time. B The law of superposition which states that states that in undeformed stratigraphic sequences, the oldest strata will be at the bottom of the sequence. C The Pangea theory, or the supercontinent theory. This theory proposed that a supercontinent broke apart into several pieces or landmasses including Asia and the Himalayas. D Wegener's theory of continental drift, that described how continents shift position on Earth's surface. The Himalaya's formed when two pieces of Earth's surface pushed together and uplifted.
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