The free energy generated by ion movement in the cell is used by the cell to do work. Compute the minimum number of millimoles of sodium that would be needed to pump one millimole of calcium ions if the following concentrations were present in the cell. Assume the temperature to be 370C and recall that R=0.008314 kJ/mol-K.
Na+(aq, 31 mM) -> Na+(aq, 9 mM)
Ca2+(aq, 12 mM) -> Ca2+(aq, 800 mM)
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