Fluid retention in the body is typically associated with increased levels of certain hormones that promote fluid conservation and sodium retention. Let's examine the options provided:
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Decreased ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone): This would actually lead to decreased fluid retention, as ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys. Not associated with fluid retention.
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Increased aldosterone: Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, which leads to water retention and increased blood volume. Associated with fluid retention.
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Decreased angiotensin: Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone release, so decreased levels would not promote fluid retention. Not associated with fluid retention.
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Increased natriuretic peptide: Natriuretic peptides promote the excretion of sodium and water (natriuresis), opposing fluid retention. Not associated with fluid retention.
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Increased renin: Renin initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which ultimately promotes fluid retention through increased angiotensin and aldosterone. Associated with fluid retention.
Based on this analysis, the signals associated with retention of fluid are:
- Increased aldosterone
- Increased renin